Various types of machining centres, although the shape of the structure is different, but from the overall view of the main components of the following parts.
I. Basic parts
By the bed, column and table and other large parts, is the basic components of the machining centre, they can be cast iron, but also can be
To be welded steel structure, are to withstand the static load of the machining centre and the cutting load in the processing. So it must be a very high stiffness components, but also the machining centre quality and volume zhui big parts.
II. the spindle assembly
It consists of spindle motor, spindle box, spindle and spindle support and other components. Its start, stop and rotation and other actions are controlled by the CNC system, and through the tool mounted on the spindle to participate in the cutting movement, is the power output of cutting parts. Spindle is the key component of the machining centre, its structural advantages and disadvantages of the machining centre has a great impact on the performance.
III. control system
Single machining centre CNC part is composed of CNC devices, programmable controllers, servo drives and motors and other parts. They are machining centres to perform sequential control actions and complete the machining process control centre.
IV. Servo System
The role of the servo system is to convert the signals from the CNC device to the movement of the moving parts of the machine tool, its performance is to determine the machining accuracy of the machine tool, surface quality and productivity of one of the main factors. Machining centres generally use semi-closed loop, closed loop and mixed loop control.
V. Automatic tool changer
It consists of tool magazine, robot and drive mechanism and other components. Tool magazine is to store all the tools used in the machining process of the device. Tool magazine has a disc type, drum type and chain type and other forms, the capacity from a few to several hundred. When it is necessary to change the tool, according to the instruction of the numerical control system, the tool will be taken out from the tool magazine and loaded into the spindle by the manipulator (or by other means). The structure of the robot according to the relative position of the tool magazine and the spindle and the structure of different forms. Some machining centres do not use manipulators, but use the movement of the spindle box or tool magazine to achieve tool change. Although the process of tool change, tool selection, tool magazine structure, type of manipulator, etc. are different, but they are under the control of CNC and programmable controller, by the motor, hydraulic or pneumatic mechanism to drive the tool magazine and manipulator to achieve the selection and exchange of tools. When the body is equipped with contact sensors, can also be achieved on the tool and workpiece error measurement.
VI, auxiliary system
Including lubrication, cooling, chip removal, protection, hydraulics and random detection systems and other parts. Auxiliary systems do not directly participate in the cutting movement, but the machining efficiency of the machining centre, machining accuracy and reliability to play a role in safeguarding, therefore, is also an indispensable part of the machining centre.
Post time: Jul-26-2023